Inayiloni yenye yeendawo ezimbalwa zentengiso ezinokubakho zisenkulu, izinga lokukhula kwendawo yentengiso yaseTshayina kulindeleke ukuba libe ngaphezulu kwemathiriyeli enamanani amabini.Ngokutsho uqikelelo, kuphela inayiloni 66 ukuya 2025 imfuno kazwelonke kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele 1.32 yezigidi zeetoni, 2021-2025 izinga lokukhula komdibaniso yonyaka 25%;ukuya ku-2030 imfuno yesizwe iya kuba kwi-2.88 yezigidi zeetoni, i-2026-2030 izinga lokukhula konyaka elihlangeneyo le-17%.Ukongeza, imarike yeenayiloni ezikhethekileyo, ezifana nenayiloni 12, inayiloni 5X kunye neenayiloni ezinuka kamnandi, kulindeleke ukuba ziphindaphindeke kabini, okanye zifezekise impumelelo ukusuka ku-0 ukuya ku-1.

Icandelo lesinxibo

Esona sikali sokuqala sokusetyenziswa kwenayiloni yayizikawusi zesilika zenayiloni.Iiperesi ezingama-75,000 zeekawusi zahluthwa ngosuku olunye xa ibhetshi yokuqala yeekawusi zenayiloni eziveliswe ngobuninzi zaziswa ngoMeyi 15, 1940. Kuthengiswa nge-$1.50 ipere, elingana ne-$20 ipere namhlanje.Abanye bakholelwa ukuba ukufika kwehosiery ye-nayiloni kwakhokelela ekubetheni okukhulu kwesilika yaseJapan ethunyelwa eUnited States kwaye yaba yenye yezinto ezabangela imfazwe yaseJapan nxamnye ne-United States kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II.Ukusukela ngoko iimveliso zenayiloni zithandwa ngabathengi ngenxa yokuqina kwazo okuqhelekileyo kunye nexabiso elihle lemali.Namhlanje, umgangatho wokuphila ukhuphuka, kodwa i-nylon isahlala kwindawo enkulu kwishishini lempahla.I-brand yodidi i-PRADA ithanda kakhulu inayiloni, imveliso yokuqala yenayiloni yazalwa ngo-1984, emva kweminyaka engaphezu kwama-30 yokuhlola, kunye nefuthe layo elinamandla, iimveliso ze-nayiloni ziye zaba ileyibhile yefashoni, ethandwa kakhulu lishishini lefashoni. .Okwangoku, iimveliso zenayiloni ze-PRADA zigubungela lonke uluhlu lwezihlangu, iingxowa kunye nempahla, kunye neengqokelela ezine zokuyila ziye zaqaliswa, ezithandwa kakhulu ngabafaki-fashionistas kunye nabathengi.Lo mkhwa wefashoni uzisa inzuzo enengeniso, ehlala ikhokelela kwiimveliso ezininzi eziphakamileyo neziphakathi ukuba ziphucule kwaye zixelise, nto leyo eya kuzisa i-nylon entsha kwibala lempahla.Inayiloni yesiNtu njengempahla, nangona i-aesthetics yayo enzima, inesabelo sayo sokugxekwa.Ngaxa lithile iikawusi zenayiloni zazisaziwa ngokuba “ziikawusi ezinukayo”, ikakhulu ngenxa yokufunxa kakubi kwamanzi kwinayiloni.Isisombululo sangoku kukudibanisa i-nylon kunye neminye imicu yeekhemikhali ukuphucula i-absorbency kunye nokuthuthuzela.I-nayiloni entsha ye-PA56 ithatha ngakumbi kwaye inamava okunxiba angcono njengengubo.

Ezothutho

Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje lokuncitshiswa kwekhabhoni kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, ngakumbi nangakumbi abenzi beemoto benza ukunciphisa ubunzima njengemfuno esisiseko yoyilo lwemoto.Okwangoku, umyinge wesixa seplastiki esisetyenziswa kwimoto nganye kumazwe aphuhlileyo yi-140-160kg, kwaye inayiloni yeyona ibalulekileyo yeplastiki yemoto, isetyenziselwa amandla, amacandelo e-chassis kunye nezakhiwo, ezibalelwa malunga ne-20% yeplastiki yemoto yonke. .Thatha umzekelo we-injini, umahluko weqondo lobushushu ujikeleze uluhlu lweenjini zemoto ukuya kwi-40 ukuya kwi-140 ℃, ukhetho lokumelana nobushushu bexesha elide lenayiloni, kodwa unokudlala ubunzima obulula, ukunciphisa iindleko, ingxolo kunye nokunciphisa ukungcangcazela kunye nezinye iziphumo. .

Ngo-2017, umyinge we-nylon osetyenziswa kwisithuthi ngasinye e-China wawumalunga ne-8kg, kunye nesixa esisemva kakhulu kumyinge wehlabathi we-28-32kg;Kulindeleke ukuba ngo-2025, umyinge wezinto zenayiloni ezisetyenziswa kwisithuthi ngasinye e-China kulindeleke ukuba unyuke ukuya malunga ne-15kg, kwaye ngokutsho kweAutomotive Industry Association, kulindeleke ukuba ngo-2025, i-China ivelise i-30 yezigidi zezithuthi, kwaye Isixa semathiriyeli yenayiloni esetyenziselwa izithuthi iya kufikelela malunga neetoni ezingama-500,000.Xa kuthelekiswa neemoto zemveli, imfuno yeplastiki kwiimoto zombane inkulu ngakumbi.Ngokutsho kwe-Electric Vehicle Network study, kwi-100kg yokunciphisa ubunzima kwimoto, uluhlu lwezithuthi zombane lunokunyuswa nge-6% -11%.Ubunzima bebhetri bukwaphikisana noluhlu, kwaye bukhawulelwe bubuchwepheshe bebhetri.Ke ngoko, iimoto zombane kunye nabavelisi beebhetri ziyimfuneko emandla kakhulu yokunciphisa ubunzima.Thatha umzekelo weTesla, i-Tesla ModelS ibhetri yepakethe yenziwe nge-7104 18650 ibhetri ye-lithium, ubunzima bebhetri yebhetri iphantse ibe yi-700 kg, ibalwa malunga nesiqingatha sobunzima bemoto yonke, apho ityala lokukhusela ibhetri. ipakethe inobunzima be-125 kg.I-Model 3, nangona kunjalo, inciphisa ubunzima bemoto ngaphezu kwe-67 kg ngokusebenzisa iimveliso zeplastiki kwiindawo zombane kunye nesakhiwo.Ukongeza, iinjini zeemoto zemveli zifuna ukuba iiplastiki zikwazi ukumelana nobushushu, ngelixa iimoto zombane zixhalabele kakhulu ukumelana nomlilo.Ngezi zinto engqondweni, inayiloni ngokungathandabuzekiyo iplastiki egqwesileyo kwizithuthi zombane.Ngo-2019 yabona i-LANXESS iphuhlisa uluhlu lwe-PA (i-Durethan) kunye ne-PBT (i-Pocan) ngokukodwa kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion, ii-powertrains zombane kunye nokuseta ukutshaja.

Ngokusekwe kwinto yokuba ipakethi nganye yebhetri yemoto entsha ifuna malunga ne-30 kg yeeplastiki zobunjineli, kulindeleke ukuba iitoni ezingama-360,000 zeeplastiki ziya kufuneka kwiipakethi zebhetri kuphela ngo-2025. Inayiloni, esetyenziswa kakhulu kwizithuthi eziqhelekileyo, ingaqhubeka ukukhanya kwiimoto zamandla amatsha emva kokuba zitshintshwe kunye ne-flame retardants.

Iimeko ezintsha

Ushicilelo lwe-3D bubuchwephesha bokuchwetheza obukhawulezayo, obufana nomgaqo woshicilelo oluqhelekileyo, ngokufunda ulwazi olunqamlezileyo olusuka kwifayile noshicilelo kunye nokuncamathelisa la macandelo kunye umaleko ngokwemaleko ngezinto ezahlukeneyo ukwenza isiqina, esinokwakhiwa phantse kuyo nayiphi na into. ukumila.I-Futuristic 3D yoshicilelo igcine izinga lokukhula eliphezulu ukususela ekuthengisweni kwayo.Kwintliziyo yoshicilelo lwe-3D zizinto eziphathekayo.Inayiloni ilungele usetyenziso loshicilelo lwe-3D ngenxa yokunganyangeki kwayo, ukuqina, ukomelela okuphezulu kunye nokuqina.Kushicilelo lwe-3D, inayiloni ifanelekile kwiiprototypes kunye neendawo ezisebenzayo ezifana nezixhobo kunye nezixhobo.Inayiloni inomgangatho ophezulu wokuqina kunye nokuguquguquka.Amacandelo aguquguqukayo xa eprintwa ngeendonga ezincinci kwaye ziqinile xa ziprintwa ngeendonga ezinzulu.Ilungele ukuvelisa iindawo ezinjengeehenjisi ezihambayo ezineenxalenye eziqinileyo kunye nezihlanganisi eziguquguqukayo.Njengoko inayiloni i-hygroscopic, iinxalenye zinokufakwa umbala ngokulula kwindawo yokuhlambela idayi.

NgoJanuwari ka-2019, u-Evonik wavelisa imathiriyeli yenylon (i-TrogamidmyCX) equlethe ii-aliphatic ezikhethekileyo kunye ne-alicyclic monomers.I-amorphous transparent, i-UV-resistant, kwaye ineempawu ezilungileyo zokusetyenzwa kunye nokungafihli ngaphezu kwe-90% kunye noxinano olusezantsi njenge-1.03 g/cm3, kunye nokuxhathisa i-abrasion kunye nokuqina.Xa kuziwa kwizinto ezicacileyo, i-PC, i-PS kunye ne-PMMA yasekuqaleni ifika engqondweni, kodwa ngoku i-amorphous PA inokwenza okufanayo, kunye nokuchasana kweekhemikhali ezingcono kunye nokuqina, ingasetyenziselwa iilensi eziphambili, i-ski visors, i-goggles, njl.